How to Use PROPER, UPPER, and LOWER Functions in Excel (With Examples) - OnRamp Analytics

How to Use PROPER, UPPER, and LOWER Functions in Excel (With Examples)

September 21, 2025

Text often comes into Excel in the wrong format. Some entries are in all caps, others are lowercase, and some are inconsistent. Instead of fixing them manually, Excel has three functions that handle capitalization for you: PROPER, UPPER, and LOWER.

PROPER Function Excel Example

The PROPER function capitalizes the first letter of each word.

Example text: product inventory

Formula: =PROPER(B4)

Result: Product Inventory

UPPER Function Excel Example

The UPPER function converts all text to uppercase.

Example text: invoice id

Formula: =UPPER(B4)

Result: INVOICE ID

LOWER Function Excel Example

The LOWER function converts all text to lowercase.

Example text: CUSTOMER

Formula: =LOWER(B4)

Result: customer

PROPER, UPPER, and LOWER Function Conclusion

These functions quickly fix capitalization issues in Excel and make your text consistent without manual edits.